A layman introduction to the theory behind these calculators can be found here (in Spanish!). There is also a Spanish version of these calculators.
1. Margin of error in the support of one choice
For example, in the support of one political party in election polls.
2. Statistical significance of the advantage between two choices in a poll
3. Statistical significance of difference in one choice between two different polls
This can be used to evaluate the evolution of the support of one choice (e.g. a political party) along time, by comparing the results from two different polls.
References:
- «NTP 283: Encuestas: metodología para su utilización». Margarita Oncins de Frutos. Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos sociales de España. (PDF)
- Charles H. Franklin, «The ‘Margin of Error’ for Differences in Polls». 2002 (PDF)
- Scheaffer, R.L., Mendenhall III, W., Ott, R.L. & Gerow, K. «Elementary survey sampling». Duxbury Pr, 2011 (Google Books)